Juniper berries (Juniperus communis):
Located in
deciduous forests and sloped hills, juniper trees are available all year
round, however, it takes 2 to 3 years for the berries to ripen. The extract of juniper berry including the essential oil is used and applied directly to the skin to ease muscle and joint pains along with other wounds inflicted on the skin.
The oil extracted from Junipers is largely comprised of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Studies confirmed these effects of the oil which created the possibility of blocking the oxidation processes in yeast cells by increasing activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
Sources:
Juniper: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD. (n.d.). Retrieved August/September, 2015, from http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-724-juniper.aspx?activeingredientid=724&activeingredientname=juniper
Juniperus communis. (2015, August 31). Retrieved August/September, 2015, from https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJuniperus_communis
MDPI. (2014). Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) Essential Oil. Action of the Essential Oil on the Antioxidant Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Organism. Retrieved August/September, 2015, from http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2076-3921%2F3%2F1%2F81
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